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Perplex and difficult of solution are many of the new administrative problems which appear in the marketing of commercial cars. This is particularly true on account of the transition taking place in the industry, from the manufacture of pleasure cars to the production and application of the commercial type to economic service, and administrations are suddenly confronted with realization of the necessity for entirely different methods of operation, if not a completely different fabric of organization. The characteristics of the commercial line are in radical contrast with the pleasure car business, the inception and purpose of the one being so different from the other as to render obsolete many of the formulated practices heretofore in vogue, conspicuous among which is a too complete reliance upon the individualistic function performed by the salesman.

A procedure has been developed for evaluating equivalent drive cycle emission results from raw exhaust gas emissions data obtained from an engine under test on a computer controlled Vehicle Simulator Engine Dynamometer. The emitted species data is integrated with the air intake flow rate to determine the total mass of emissions, after correcting for the reduction in exhaust gas mass due to precipitation of the moisture of combustion. This procedure eliminates the need for the Constant Volume Sample (CVS) System attached to the vehicle exhaust while undergoing simulated drive testing on a chassis dynamometer to evaluate compliance of the test vehicle with the Australian Design Rules, ADR27 and ADR37. Sources of error with the procedure are examined by comparing the fuel consumption measured using a volumetric technique during the test with that evaluated by a carbon balance procedure as given in the Australian Design Rules.

An all-ceramic swirl chamber has been developed and analyses and evaluations concerning the strength of silicon nitride ceramic (Si3N4) have been performed with a view to using it for the entire internal wall surface of the swirl chamber. The strength characteristics of Si3N4 and their effect and variation have been determined. On the basis of measurements and analyses of thermal stresses, assembling stresses, etc., investigation of the most suitable construction and assembling methods to reduce load stresses on ceramic, and various kinds of duration tests, the swirl chamber has been confirmed to have the required durability. This engine was found to comply with the 1987 U.S. diesel particulate regulation.